[FR] The norm without force – the enigma of European power by Zaki Laïdi

‘La norme sans la force’ (The Norm Without Force) is a short, dense essay, subtitled ‘The Enigma of European Power,’ remarkable for its efforts at conceptualisation and clarification. Encouraged by Renaud Dehousse, the author delves into issues that have, in the recent past, attracted considerable attention from both Jacques Delors and Pascal Lamy, with whom Zaki Laïd is closely associated. What we have here is an in-depth reflection on governance, what it means for Europe and what it could mean for the world. Governance is a way of conceiving international relations that is opposed to sovereignty. If we associate the former with Europe and the latter with the United States, we are not far from the dichotomy, dear to Kagan, between Mars and Venus.