Brief
EUROPEAN PUBLIC OPINION IN A TROUBLED 2020
EU MEMBERSHIP REINFORCED,
DESPITE STILL MIXED CONFIDENCE
Only in French.
Introduction ▪
L’année 2020 a été marquée par la propagation de la pandémie de la COVID 19, avec ses conséquences sanitaires, mais aussi économiques et sociales. Au printemps (le 27 mai) la nouvelle Commission européenne, entrée en fonctions en décembre 2019, a présenté un plan de relance de 750 milliards d’euros composé à la fois de subventions et de prêts, qui a donné lieu à d’âpres négociations notamment avec quatre États membres dits « frugaux », rétifs aux augmentations de dépenses. Le 21 juillet, à l’issue de réunions particulièrement tendues du Conseil européen, un plan amendé a été adopté par les dirigeants des États membres ainsi qu’un budget pluriannuel pour la période 2021-2027, pour un montant total de 1850 milliards d’euros. Ce plan de relance doit être en partie financé par des obligations émises sur les marchés financiers par la Commission européenne pour le compte de l’UE ; il s’adressera en priorité aux pays les
plus affectés économiquement par la pandémie – bénéficiaires ainsi d’une forme inédite de solidarité au sein de l’Union – tout en finançant des investissements appuyant les transitions écologique et numérique.
2020 a vu aussi le départ de l’UE du Royaume-Uni, qui a cessé d’en être membre au 31 janvier ; il est alors entré dans une période transitoire de 11 mois pendant laquelle les règles européennes ont continué de s’appliquer, et où se sont déroulées de difficiles négociations sur les relations futures entre les deux parties, conclues in extremis avant la date butoir du 31 décembre.
Dans ce contexte troublé, quel a été l’état des opinions publiques dans les pays de l’UE ? Le présent document essaie d’y répondre en s’appuyant d’abord sur les enquêtes par sondage que les institutions communautaires sont parvenues à faire réaliser en 2020 : la Commission au cours de l’été, le Parlement à la fin de l’année, et les deux institutions initiatrices d’une enquête conjointe en octobre-novembre 2020. Tout récemment, la Commission a fait paraître en outre les résultats d’une enquête menée sur le terrain au tout début de 2021, utile pour faire le point à l’issue de l’année 2020. En raison des circonstances, les procédures habituelles de réalisation de ces enquêtes ont dû être en partie modifiées dans certains pays ; on peut toutefois estimer que les résultats globaux n’en ont pas été sensiblement affectés.
SUR LE MÊME THÈME
ON THE SAME THEME
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MÉDIAS
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