Infographic 23
Which European defence policy?
Graphic Design : Marjolaine Bergonnier
Recommended citation:
Couteau B. avec Boissard F. 2022. « Which European defence policy », Infographics no23, Paris: Jacques Delors Institute, September.
SUR LE MÊME THÈME
ON THE SAME THEME
PUBLICATIONS
The Youth and the European Elections 2024
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
13/05/2024 | Sofia Fernandes | Inès Saidj |
The European Pact for Migration and Asylum: what responses to the challenges of irregular migration and asylum?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
13/05/2024 | Jérôme Vignon |
Turbo-charging the EU’s defence industry and security posture
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
16/04/2024 | Thierry Tardy |
EU – Africa: Towards a renewal of the relationship?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
16/04/2024 | Guillaume Arditti |
Women and the European Union
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
08/03/2024 | Lara Martelli |
Two years of war in Ukraine: What impact on the EU geopolitical strategy?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
22/02/2024 |
Towards climate neutrality: what transformations by 2030 under the FitFor55?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
15/02/2024 | Camille Defard | Phuc-Vinh Nguyen |
Why the European Parliament matters?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
24/01/2024 | Lara Martelli |
The Ukraine Facility
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
13/12/2023 |
Promoting peace is not the same as fighting war
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
06/12/2023 |
European defence Part 2 : Industries
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
30/11/2023 | Thierry Tardy |
Arsenal Europe, Financing Military Capabilities for Ukraine and EU Member States
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
15/11/2023 |
European defence Part 1 : budgets
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
26/10/2023 | Thierry Tardy |
European elections 2024: guidelines
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
27/09/2023 | Lara Martelli |
[FR] NATO summit in Vilnius: mixed results
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
13/07/2023 | Thierry Tardy |
European cinema: a close-up
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
04/07/2023 |
[FR] Faced with the Russian threat, which budgets for which defence?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
28/06/2023 | Thierry Tardy |
Enlargement of the European Union: an unexpected revival
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
21/06/2023 | Benjamin Couteau |
Employment and skills for the green transition in the EU
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
24/05/2023 | Sofia Fernandes | Camille Defard |
2023 European Year of Skills
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
02/05/2023 | Sofia Fernandes |
Relations with Russia: France’s unique position
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
24/03/2023 | Nicole Gnesotto |
[FR] Europe retains public favor in the face of the war in Ukraine
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
16/03/2023 | Daniel Debomy |
A new world order?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
13/03/2023 | Nicole Gnesotto |
Achieving net zero while lessening reliance on China
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
13/03/2023 |
What security guarantees can the EU provide to Ukraine?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
03/03/2023 |
Victory, but what kind?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
01/03/2023 | Nicole Gnesotto |
Pension systems in Europe
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
28/02/2023 | Sofia Fernandes |
Whose leadership will emerge from the new European geopolitical situation?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
22/02/2023 | Nicole Gnesotto |
Is neutrality an outdated concept in Europe?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
31/01/2023 |
Germany — France
Differences and similarities
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
18/01/2023 |
European action against Russia: what does the future hold for the sanction strategy?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
10/11/2022 |
Overview of the European electricity market
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
02/11/2022 | Phuc-Vinh Nguyen |
Cyberattacks in Russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
21/09/2022 |
[FR] European opinions on the war in Ukraine
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
26/07/2022 | Daniel Debomy |
Parents’ leaves in the EU
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
05/07/2022 |
The war in Ukraine:
what are the consequences for European organisations?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
21/06/2022 | Lara Martelli | Benjamin Couteau |
Newsletter June 2022
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
03/06/2022 |
United in diversity? National responses to the European energy crisis
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
30/05/2022 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin | Phuc-Vinh Nguyen |
Young people’s attitudes towards the EU
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
25/05/2022 | Sofia Fernandes |
Regional perspectives on energy citizenship and citizen participation in the energy transition
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
18/05/2022 |
Moldova and the war
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
27/04/2022 |
Making migrant returns a pre-condition of trade openness
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
22/04/2022 | Jérôme Vignon |
What the EU budget can and cannot do in response to the war in Ukraine
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
21/04/2022 |
Welcoming Ukrainian refugees in the EU
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
20/04/2022 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina under pressure
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
19/04/2022 | Benjamin Couteau |
Newsletter April 2022
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
08/04/2022 | Sébastien Maillard |
Strategic Compass: industry or power?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
04/04/2022 | Nicole Gnesotto |
One month of war in Ukraine:
the first takeaways
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
28/03/2022 |
[FR] Ukrainian refugees: the next step
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
09/03/2022 | Jérôme Vignon | Benjamin Couteau |
European cybersecurity and data privacy:
Threats and prospects
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
02/03/2022 |
European Dependence on Russian Gas –The Example of Nord Stream 2
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
28/02/2022 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin | Phuc-Vinh Nguyen |
Ukrainian crisis: Rethinking security in Europe
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
09/02/2022 | Nicole Gnesotto |
A move towards adequate minimum wages in the European Union?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
10/01/2022 | Sofia Fernandes |
The French Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
01/12/2021 | Benjamin Couteau |
Western Balkans:
where is the enlargement process up to?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
05/10/2021 | Benjamin Couteau |
A Guide to the German federal election
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
01/09/2021 | Sébastien Maillard |
Young people facing the crisis: bouncing back with the EU
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
10/06/2021 | Sofia Fernandes |
Reducing the EU’s strategic dependence
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
31/05/2021 |
Let’s innovate to achieve climate neutrality
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
How to close the gender pay gap in the European Union ?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
02/03/2021 |
Spending EU subsidies well:
A challenge for Member States
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
16/02/2021 | Andreas Eisl |
How to lift 30 million Europeans out of Energy poverty?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
28/01/2021 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
5 years after the Paris Agreement, the largest global economies are engaging in the race towards climate neutrality
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
09/12/2020 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
A move towards adequate minimum wages in the European Union?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
18/11/2020 | Sofia Fernandes |
Brexit: Breaking the laws of gravity?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
13/10/2020 |
Europe continues its climate marathon
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
25/09/2020 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
Le covid-19 remet-il en cause l’Europe de la défense ?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
18/05/2020 | Nicole Gnesotto |
L’armée européenne, y penser ?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
02/12/2019 |
A small electric car is 3 times cleaner than a small gasoline car
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
31/05/2019 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
Les Ateliers de la Citadelle
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
04/02/2019 |
Spitzenkandidaten: infography
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/boussole.png)
Infographic
07/11/2018 |
Brexit: potential scenarios amid turbulent waters
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
25/07/2018 |
The EU’s Four Strategic Challenges
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
10/07/2018 | Nicole Gnesotto |
A European Defence Union: In the name of the people?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
14/12/2017 |
European Integration via Flexibility Tools: The Cases of EPPO and PESCO
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
29/11/2017 |
Strengthening European Defence: who sits at the PESCO table, what’s on the menu?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
13/11/2017 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
The EU as a 3-D Power: Should Europe Spend More on Diplomacy, Development and Defence?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
18/09/2017 |
Brexit and the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
13/09/2017 |
France and Germany: Spearheading a European Security and Defence Union?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
26/07/2017 |
Europe Facing the Challenge of Its Defence: Between Realism and Responsibility
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
03/07/2017 |
Enrico Letta about the main issues of the June 2017 EU Council
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
22/06/2017 |
The Awakening
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
24/03/2017 |
“Europeans’ fate is in their hands”
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
15/12/2016 |
Strengthening European collective security
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
14/12/2016 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
For an ambitious Europe
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
08/11/2016 |
Building the future of the EU: our generation’s duty
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
07/11/2016 |
What European security and defence policy do we need?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
22/12/2015 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
Supporting Ukraine’s difficult path towards reforms
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
15/12/2015 |
European Defence Cooperation : speak the truth, act now
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
10/11/2015 | Thomas Pellerin-Carlin |
On asylum and the euro: displaying solidarity is in our own interest
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
23/06/2015 |
A catalyst role for the Union
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
18/03/2015 |
“Schengen”, terrorism and security
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
12/02/2015 |
Resetting EU external action: potential and constraints
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
03/02/2015 |
Defence without Europe?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
03/11/2014 |
Defenceless Europe?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
03/11/2014 |
Why we should believe in European defence
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
03/11/2014 |
Should European defence be scrapped?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
11/09/2014 | Nicole Gnesotto |
European security after Libya and Ukraine: in search of a core leadership
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
28/07/2014 | Nicole Gnesotto |
A new president, for what purpose?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
24/06/2014 |
Engaging Europe in the world
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
18/06/2014 | Nicole Gnesotto |
Making more of our interdependence
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/blogpostbleu.png)
Blog post
18/03/2014 |
Europeans and the use of force
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/decryptagebleu.png)
Brief
16/12/2013 |
Foreign Policy and External Actions : an “unsurpassable horizon” for the EU?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
05/11/2013 |
Think Global – Act European IV. Thinking Strategically about the EU’s External Action
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/rapportbleu.png)
Report
16/10/2013 |
Europe of Defence: A pragmatic approach
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
28/05/2013 |
Think Global – Act European IV – Thinking Strategically about the EU’s External Action
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/rapportbleu.png)
Report
30/04/2013 |
Defence: The French ambition for Europe
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
29/04/2013 | Nicole Gnesotto |
European budget 2014-2020: seven years of bad luck?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
18/03/2013 |
Will Europeans ever agree on the use of military force?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
13/02/2013 |
How to maintain hard capabilities in times of budget cuts?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
13/02/2013 |
Strategic Priorities for EU Defence Policy
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
13/02/2013 |
The European Defence Industry’s Future: How European?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
13/02/2013 |
Welfare state sustainability: resetting EU migration strategy?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
07/01/2013 |
EU defence capacities: maintaining credibility?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
11/12/2012 |
Europe abroad : twenty years after Maastricht, is there anybody there ?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
27/03/2012 |
Defence spending in Europe: Can we do better without spending more?
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
29/06/2011 |
Kosovo after 10 December 2007: What’s at stake for the European Union
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
07/12/2007 |
Considerations on the Iraq Crise and the Effects on the Foreign Policy Common to the day before of an announced War
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/autredocumentbleu.png)
Other document
03/01/2007 |
The world is the stage: a global security strategy for the European Union
![](https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/themes/Avada-Child-Theme/images/policypaperbleu.png)
Policy Paper
22/08/2006 |