Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has reignited discussions on European defence. By February 2022, however, NATO had reasserted itself as the key player in safeguarding Europe’s security (21 of the 27 EU Member States are members, pending the arrival of Sweden and Finland). However, the EU has not been inactive, either in its aid to Ukraine or in its initiative to support a defence industry that is still fragmented. However, key questions remain: Faced with an ever-increasing number of crises, how should and can the EU organise its security? Will increased financial resources be enough to ensure progress towards a European defence? How can the European defence industry be adapted and supported in the long war in Ukraine? We are delighted to welcome Sylvie Matelly, Director of the Institut Jacques Delors and an expert on defence issues.