[FR] The globalisation of wine: a historic European achievement

At the beginning of the 21st century, European viticulture is experiencing significant turbulence attributed to competition from vineyards outside Europe. Faced with this phenomenon known as globalisation, winegrowers are expressing serious concerns, without always understanding the real historical mechanisms at work. Like many other ‘flagship’ industries in Europe, wine initially developed along a path of expansion initiated, controlled and promoted by Europeans. The globalisation of wine is the result of centuries-old commercial, cultural and scientific dynamics and proactive, reasoned policies, not the result of submission to economic forces outside European interests. This text presents a historical and concise overview of this ‘methodical conquest’, divided into three phases: the reception, creation and dissemination of viticulture and winemaking.