From the outset, the three states of South Caucasus have been part of the Eastern Partnership initiative (2009). Despite this, the degree of integration with the EU differs significantly between the three. Azerbaijan did not conclude the Association Agreement and sees the EU primarily as a partner in the energy field, while Georgia was for a long time the leader of the most advanced integration trio (with Ukraine and Moldova). And Armenia, although very much under Russian influence, was trying to keep a minimum interest for Europe.

With the wars in Ukraine and Karabakh, trends are changing. For several years now, Georgia has been showing worrying signs both internally and externally, and doubts are growing about its willingness to integrate with the EU. Azerbaijan sees its future in close cooperation with Turkey, at equal distance from Russia and the EU. While Armenia, militarily defeated by Azerbaijan, is trying to revise its foreign policy, showing signs of a desire for closer ties with the EU and the USA.

We have the pleasure to welcome Thorniké Gordadzé, associated researcher at the Jacques Delors Institute to discuss these questions.