Jean-Pierre Darnis, Chercheur Senior, Directeur du département Sécurité et Défense, IAI —
The contraction of domestic markets, with cuts and delays in military expenditure in both the EU Member States and the USA represents the main constraint for the defence industry in Europe. On the demand side, the global framework of budget diminution underlines a clear trend towards pooling of capacities. On the supply side the rationale is to maintain production capabilities and revenue. There is a quest for better opportunities in non-EU markets, along with the continuing issue of bolstering EU-wide exports. Meanwhile, the Commission attempts to shape the current landscape of the European defence industry via a number of directives. Yet, defence industries are not only pure “suppliers”. The fact that some States are shareholders of defence companies reflects the complex legacy of this sector, a mix of the sovereign State concept of production together with the protection of workers and specific constituencies. The latter is a key issue in industry governance, as revealed by Germany’s refusal of the BAE-EADS merger.